Poly amide commonly known as nylon. Nylon is a thermoplastic engineering plastic containing amide bond (-NHCO-) in the molecular main chain. Since its introduction by DuPont Corporation in 1930, it has developed into a wide variety of engineering plastics in the world, and its total output ranks first in the world. The main varieties are: PA6, PA66, PA610, PA12, PA1010, PA43, etc.
Among them, PA6 and PA66 are the most successful in commercial production and practical application. PA material vertical burning level reaches UL94 V-2, limit oxygen index is approximately 24%, self-extinguishing at room temperature, which means it has certain Flame Retardant performance. But with the expansion of the scope of application, like electronic appliances and building areas. The flame retardant performance put forward higher request for PA, the vertical level should be reach UL94 V-0, and LOI above 28%.
The methods for preparing flame retardant polyamide:
① Using additive flame retardants. Flame retardant is added to polyamides by mechanical mixing to make them flame retardant. Adding certain proportion of APP/ talcum powder into PA6 can make PA reach UL94 V-0. The advantages of this method are easy to use and wide application. But it has a great impact on the performance of the polymer. The main additive flame retardants for polyamides are double loop octane (hexachlorocyclopentadiene) , Ammonium Polyphosphate, decabromodiphenylethane and so on. The use of additive flame retardant is the main flame retardant method of polyamide.
② Using reactive flame retardant. Flame retardant is involved in reaction as a monomer and combined to the main chain or side chain of polyamide, so that the polyamide itself contains flame retardant components. It is characterized by good stability, little toxicity, little effect on the performance of the material, and lasting flame retardancy. It is an ideal method. But the operation and processing technology are complicated, so it is not as common as the additive flame retardant method in practical application. Reactive flame retardants used in polyamides include Dimethylphosphine oxides(hydroxyethyl), mixtures of 1,3, 6-tri (4, 6-diamino-2-thiotriazine) hexane and cyanuric acid.
③Copolymerize with flame retardant monomers, like lactam, diamine, and diacid.
The development direction of flame retardant PA technology:
(1) Environmental protection, low toxicity.
(2) Nano and microencapsulation technology will be gradually applied.
(3) High efficiency. The development of high efficiency flame retardant can not only reduce the impact of flame retardant on the mechanical and physical properties of the substrate, but also reduce pollution and cost.
(4) Multi-functionalization. Attention will also be paid to the development of flame retardants with a variety of functions, such as flame retardant and toughening, antistatic, plasticizing, etc.
(5) Application of composite technology. How to develop new flame retardants with excellent performance through compound technology is an important research topic and a very important direction in the development of flame retardants.
There are two general directions in the development of flame retardant nylon at the present stage. One is to improve the comprehensive performance of flame retardant PA technology through the combination of different systems, cross-linking flame retardant and coating flame retardant. The other is the combination of biobased PA, bioderived flame retardant and environmental clay to develop the flame retardant PA towards the direction of environmental friendliness.
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