Polyvinylchlorid (PVC RESIN)
The full name is Polyvinylchlorid, the main component is polyvinyl chloride, and other ingredients are added to enhance its heat resistance, toughness, and ductility. It is a well-loved, popular and widely used synthetic material in the world today. Its global use ranks second among various synthetic materials. According to statistics, in 1995 alone, PVC production in Europe was about 5 million tons, and its consumption was 5.3 million tons. In Germany, the production and consumption of PVC is an average of 1.4 million tons. PVC is being produced and applied worldwide at a rate of 4%. The growth rate of PVC in Southeast Asia is particularly significant, thanks to the urgent need for infrastructure construction in Southeast Asian countries. Among the materials that can produce three-dimensional surface films, PVC is the most suitable material.
PVC can be divided into soft PVC and hard PVC. Hard PVC accounts for about 2/3 of the market, and soft PVC accounts for 1/3. Soft PVC is generally used for the surface of floors, ceilings and leather, but because soft PVC contains softener (this is also the difference between soft PVC and hard PVC), it is easy to become brittle and difficult to store, so its scope of use has been limited. Hard PVC does not contain softener, so it has good flexibility, easy to form, is not brittle, non-toxic and non-polluting, and has a long storage time, so it has great development and application value. Hereinafter referred to as PVC. The essence of PVC is a vacuum blister film, which is used for surface packaging of various types of panels. Therefore, it is also called decorative film and adhesive film, and is used in many industries such as building materials, packaging, medicine and so on. The building materials industry accounts for the largest proportion, at 60%, followed by the packaging industry, as well as several other small-scale applications.
Polyvinyl chloride resin
PVC is a polyvinyl chloride plastic with bright color, corrosion resistance, and durability. Due to the addition of some toxic auxiliary materials such as plasticizers and anti-aging agents in the manufacturing process, its products generally do not store food and medicine.
PVC is actually a vinyl polymer. Briefly, an aqueous solution of a salt chemically decomposes at the action of an electric current. This process produces chlorine, caustic soda and hydrogen. Refined, cracked petroleum or gasoline can produce ethylene. When chlorine and ethylene are mixed, dichloroethylene is produced; dichloroethylene can be converted to produce chlorinated vinyl, which is an essential component of polyvinyl chloride. The polymerization process joins the chlorinated vinyl molecules together to form a polyvinyl chloride chain. The polyvinyl chloride produced in this manner was in the form of a white powder. It cannot be used alone, but can be mixed with other ingredients to produce many products.
Polyvinyl chloride resin
In this sense, the market prospect of PVC film is very promising. With the development of the times, PVC has gradually won people's favor with its good performance, simple technology and many other advantages. It has been accepted and recognized by more and more people. In Europe and America, PVC is the darling of the construction industry. PVC is everywhere in people's daily lives. PVC can not only express the color of nature, but also express the color of people's fantasy. In Germany, 40% of the furniture is made of PVC as the surface material. Seeing those desks, bookshelves, sofas and kitchen cabinets that are natural in color, gorgeous in color, rich in variety, beautiful in design, elegant in style and high in style, no one They will associate them with the ruined [white trash" on the streets, not to mention that PVC blister films give them such beautiful outerwear.
Craftsmanship
The reason why PVC can be widely used in the building materials industry is two important reasons:
One is the unique performance of PVC (rain, fire, antistatic, easy to form), and the second is the low input and high output of PVC.
The production process of PVC is not complicated. The ordinary production line generally consists of a rolling machine, a printing machine, a back coating machine and a cutting machine. The thickness is only produced by the direct motion stirring of the rolling machine, the roller rotation and the high temperature rolling. A film of 0.3 mm to 0.7 mm is produced at the same time and printed on the front side of the film by a printing machine, and a back coat is attached to the back side of the film by a back coater. This layer of back coating is an important guarantee for the excellent performance of PVC film. The back coating consists of a special material and is a high-energy affinity agent. It is because of this back coating that the PVC film can be tightly blended with the medium-density board or other sheets, and the glue is not opened for ten or even fifteen years. The biggest problem with ordinary veneers is that it can't solve the problem of film shedding.
Since the entire production process is carried out at a high temperature (the temperature inside the rolling machine reaches 220 degrees), the PVC film has high light resistance and fire resistance, and the quality of the PVC film is ensured. Of course, this is very demanding on the production machine. Usually, the production cost of a set of production lines is about 39 million marks, equivalent to about 160 million yuan. On the other hand, the production process of PVC film is quite simple, and the machine output is also very large. Therefore, PVC is actually a low-input, high-yield product.
performance
The PVC film is applied to the surface of the board at a high temperature of 110 degrees by a special vacuum laminator, which is not easy to fall off.
The raw materials for the production of PVC film in Germany are specially refined, and the toxic substances are completely extracted. Therefore, PVC is completely non-toxic and tasteless, and has no irritation to human skin or respiratory system. For those who are allergic to wood and paint. Furniture or kitchen utensils wrapped in PVC film are very suitable. By using a PVC film as a decorative film, it is possible to use a medium-density board, a particle board, a plywood, and a fiberboard in a large amount, thereby reducing the amount of wood used, thereby reducing damage to forests and the environment. From this perspective, PVC film has made a great contribution to the protection of the ecological environment.
The quality of PVC is not inferior to other alternatives, and it is cheaper than these materials in terms of cost. Experts have found through research that in many industries, the abandonment of PVC will incur considerable additional costs. Specific data shows that abandoning the use of PVC will add an extra cost of several billion marks. For a specific consumer, this would mean a huge extra expense. For example, in the case of windows with PVC as the surface material, if these windows do not use PVC, but use ordinary wood as the surface layer, then only cleaning and repairing will increase the cost.
In a small town in the UK, people have used wooden windows for the past two decades. Some people have investigated the cleaning and maintenance costs of these windows and compared them with the cleaning costs of PVC windows. The results show that wood The cleaning cost of ordinary windows is twice as high as that of PVC windows.
Application of PVC Resin
Polyvinyl chloride resin
Due to its high chemical stability, it can be used to make anti-corrosion pipes, pipe fittings, oil pipes, centrifugal pumps and blowers. The hard board of polyvinyl chloride is widely used in the chemical industry to make linings for various storage tanks, corrugated boards of buildings, door and window structures, wall decorations and other building materials. Due to its excellent electrical insulation properties, it can be used in the electrical and electronics industries for the manufacture of plugs, sockets, switches and cables. In daily life, PVC is used to make sandals, raincoats, toys and artificial leather!
Specific classification:
(1) PVC general soft products
The extruder can be used to extrude hoses, cables, wires, etc.; with injection molding machines and various molds, plastic sandals, soles, slippers, toys, auto parts, etc. can be made.
(2) PVC film
After the PVC is mixed with the additive and plasticized, a transparent or colored film of a predetermined thickness is formed by a three-roll or four-roll calender, and the film is processed in this way to become a calendered film. It can also be processed by shrinking and heat sealing bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys, etc. Wide transparent film for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and mulch. The biaxially stretched film, which is subjected to heat shrinkage, can be used for shrink packaging.
(3) PVC coated products
The artificial leather with a substrate is formed by applying a PVC paste to a cloth or paper and then plasticizing it at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius or more. It is also possible to first roll the PVC and the auxiliary into a film and then press it together with the substrate. The non-substrate artificial leather is a soft sheet which is directly calendered into a certain thickness by a calender, and then pressed on the pattern. Artificial leather can be used to make suitcases, purses, book covers, sofas and car cushions, as well as floor leather, used as a floor covering for buildings.
(4) PVC foam products
When soft PVC is mixed, a suitable amount of foaming agent is added to form a sheet, which is foamed into a foamed plastic, and can be used as foam slippers, sandals, insoles, and shockproof cushioning packaging materials. It can also be used as a low-foam hard PVC sheet and profiled material, which can be used as an alternative building material.
(5) PVC transparent sheet
The
Impact Modifier and the organotin stabilizer in the PVC are mixed, plasticized and calendered to form a transparent sheet. It can be made into a thin-walled transparent container by thermoforming or used for vacuum blister packaging. It is an excellent packaging material and decorative material - such as moon cake packaging box.
(6) PVC paste resin
The PVC is dispersed in a liquid plasticizer to be swelled and plasticized to form a plastisol, usually with an emulsion or a microsuspension resin, and a stabilizer, a filler, a coloring agent, etc. are added, and after thorough agitation, after deaeration, It is made into a PVC paste and then processed into various products by using, dipping, casting or slush molding. Such as hangers, tool handles, Christmas trees, etc.
(7) PVC hard board and board
Stabilizers, lubricants and fillers are added to PVC. After mixing, extruders can be used to extrude hard tubes, shaped tubes and bellows of various calibers, used as down pipes, drinking pipes, wire bushings or stair railings. . The calendered sheets are superposed and hot pressed to form hard sheets of various thicknesses. The sheet can be cut into the desired shape and then welded to various chemically resistant tanks, ducts and vessels by means of PVC electrodes using hot air.
(8) PVC other
Doors and windows are assembled from hard shaped materials. In some countries, it has occupied the market of doors and windows together with wooden windows, windows and aluminum windows; wood-like materials, steel building materials (north, seaside); hollow containers.
